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Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hemlata Sharma1, Swati Garg2, Saurabh Sharma3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Corresponding Author.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnant women leads to significant maternal and perinatal complications, including fetal growth restriction and increased mortality. Continued adverse outcomes highlight the urgent need for optimized healthcare strategies for this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly affecting pregnant women.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB incidence and mortality.
- Pregnant women represent a vulnerable group requiring specific attention within TB control efforts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with TB.
- To provide cumulative results to support the WHO End TB Strategy.
- To assess the current impact of TB on pregnancy outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of multiple databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Central) for studies published in the last 10 years.
- Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Analysis of pregnancy outcomes, including maternal and perinatal complications and mortality.
Main Results:
- 15 studies involving 3,045 pregnant women with TB were analyzed.
- Common maternal complications included fetal growth restriction (19%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (15%), oligohydramnios (11%), and gestational diabetes (10%).
- Perinatal complications included low birth weight (30%), preterm birth (22%), small for gestational age (20%), and low Apgar scores (13%). Maternal mortality was 0.05% and neonatal mortality was 5%.
Conclusions:
- Pregnant women with TB continue to experience substantial adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
- These findings underscore the persistent challenges in managing TB during pregnancy.
- Optimization of healthcare services is crucial to mitigate these adverse outcomes and align with the WHO End TB Strategy.
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