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Acute Supraglottitis in Pediatric Patients-An Emerging Disease?
Avital Weiss Shachar1, Rotem Pistiner Hanit1, Doron Mulla1,2
1Gray Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Pediatric Pulmonology
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Pediatric supraglottitis incidence rose significantly, with respiratory viruses, especially adenovirus, being the most common cause. Most affected children required respiratory support.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric critical care medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Supraglottitis, an inflammation of the upper airway, poses a risk for obstruction in children.
- Limited data exist on pediatric supraglottitis epidemiology and causes.
- This study details the characteristics and etiologies of pediatric supraglottitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of pediatric supraglottitis.
- To identify the causes of supraglottitis in children.
- To compare adenovirus-associated supraglottitis with other etiologies.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of pediatric intensive care unit admissions for supraglottitis (2004-2024).
- Categorization into adenovirus-associated and other supraglottitis groups.
- Analysis of clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and microbiological data.
Main Results:
- Incidence of pediatric supraglottitis increased by 330% over two decades.
- Common symptoms included fever, stridor, and dyspnea; 53% required invasive mechanical ventilation.
- Viral etiology was found in 63% of cases, with adenovirus most frequent; Streptococcus group A was common in bacterial isolates.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric supraglottitis incidence has increased.
- Respiratory viral infections, particularly adenovirus, are the primary cause.
- Adenovirus-associated cases showed higher fever and C-reactive protein levels.
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