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Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility in Male Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Gerasimos Katopodis1, George Bablekos2, Elias Vasiliadis3
1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, KAT Hospital, Athens, GRC.
Cureus
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts male sexual function and fertility due to neurological and autonomic disruption. Advances in treatments offer improved management for sexual and reproductive health in men with SCI.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Urology
- Reproductive Medicine
Background:
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant male sexual dysfunction, affecting fertility and quality of life.
- Mechanisms involve neurological disruption, autonomic dysfunction, endocrine changes, and psychosocial factors.
- Injury level and completeness are key determinants of functional outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on sexual dysfunction and fertility impairment in men with SCI.
- To synthesize information on semen quality issues, including motility, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
- To explore advances in therapeutic management for sexual and reproductive health in SCI patients.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on SCI, sexual function, fertility, and treatment.
- Analysis of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying sexual dysfunction post-SCI.
- Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, including pharmacological, assisted ejaculation, and reproductive technologies.
Main Results:
- SCI leads to impaired sexual function and reduced fertility, characterized by poor semen quality.
- Oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage are significant contributors to fertility issues in men with SCI.
- Emerging treatments show promise in managing sexual and reproductive challenges.
Conclusions:
- A multifaceted approach is needed to address sexual dysfunction and fertility impairment in men with SCI.
- Optimizing patient care requires structured management strategies.
- Continued research into neurophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic advancements is crucial.
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