A Retrospective Analysis of Testicular Cancer (2007-2025): A Single Institutional Experience

Testicular cancer (TC) is the leading cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years and one of the most curable cancers.

The study aims to assess epidemiology, histological classification, stage at diagnosis, prognosis, stage I risk assessment and relationship between prognosis and age in the Center of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy at Latakia University Hospital.

318 patients with testicular cancer who had been attended to the Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Center at Latakia University Hospital from its opening in 2007 until October 2025 were included in this retrospective analysis.

The median age at diagnosis was 32 years. The most prevalent testicular cancer (TC) was germ cell type. Among germ cell tumors, non-seminomatous types (51.6%) were slightly more frequent than seminomatous (45.9%). The most frequent non-seminomatous subtype was: mixed germ cell tumors (29.9%). The majority of TC patients were in stage I. About two-thirds of the seminoma patients were in stage I, while it represented about half of the non-seminoma patients with a significant difference between the two types. Two (2.86%) patients with vascular invasion, 31 (44.29%) with embryonal carcinoma, both vascular invasion and embryonal carcinoma in 8 (11.43%), and no risk factors were detected in 29 (41.43%) patients in non-seminoma. In seminoma, 40 (41.24%) patients reviewed with tumor size >4cm, 5 (5.15%) with rete testis invasion, 19 (19.59%) with both, and no risk factors were detected in 33 (34.02%) patients. No significant difference in the age of patients was shown after categorizing them according to their prognosis.

The findings align with global proportions and can support those interested in the field in reducing disease burden, but further research is needed, especially in Syria and the Middle East due to limited studies.