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Relational Attributes Associated with Treatment Adherence: A Scoping Review
Yi Jiao Angelina Tian1, Emma Herger1, Aoife Milford1
1Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Patient Preference and Adherence
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Strong provider-patient relationships (PPRs) significantly impact treatment adherence. Key factors include communication, shared decision-making, trust, empathy, and continuity of care, though standardized measures are lacking.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Management
- Patient Adherence Research
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Treatment adherence is crucial for improving health outcomes, reducing mortality, and lowering healthcare costs.
- Provider-patient relationships (PPRs) are recognized as having a positive impact on patient adherence.
- Factors influencing adherence are complex and have been a concern since ancient times.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore specific relational attributes within PPRs that directly affect treatment adherence.
- To identify gaps in the existing literature for future research on PPRs and adherence.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2015, and January 7, 2025.
- Searched databases: CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed.
- Included qualitative, quantitative, RCTs, and other empirical study designs reporting on PPR attributes linked to adherence.
Main Results:
- Identified six critical relational aspects of PPRs affecting adherence: communication (content, style, frequency), shared decision-making, trust, provider empathy, continuity of care, and aligned perspectives.
- Communication emerged as the most significant factor.
- A major gap identified is the lack of standardized definitions and measurements for these PPR attributes.
Conclusions:
- PPRs play a complex yet vital role in treatment adherence.
- Further research is needed to clarify and standardize PPR attributes to understand the mechanisms promoting adherence.
- Findings can inform practical strategies for providers to enhance patient adherence through improved engagement.
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