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PEDIAS In & Out: A structured clinical reasoning framework for differential diagnosis in small animal practice
1Community Outreach Wellness Clinic, Niagara SPCA and Humane Society, Welland, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
The PEDIAS In & Out framework improves veterinary differential diagnosis by prioritizing external causes before internal ones. This structured approach enhances diagnostic clarity and efficiency in clinical practice and education.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Clinical Reasoning
- Diagnostic Frameworks
Background:
- Traditional diagnostic methods can be resource-intensive.
- Cognitive load can impact diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
- A structured approach is needed for comprehensive differential diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce the PEDIAS In & Out framework for veterinary differential diagnosis.
- To provide a structured, repeatable, and cognitively accessible diagnostic system.
- To enhance diagnostic clarity, reduce cognitive load, and improve efficiency in clinical settings.
Main Methods:
- The PEDIAS In & Out framework is a 2-stage clinical reasoning process.
- It sequentially evaluates external (exogenous) causes before internal (endogenous) disease processes.
- The framework was developed and applied over 4 years in small animal practice.
Main Results:
- The framework offers a structured approach to generating differential diagnosis lists.
- It has demonstrated utility in routine clinical use and veterinary education.
- It serves as a practical alternative to traditional diagnostic methods.
Conclusions:
- The PEDIAS In & Out framework improves diagnostic clarity and efficiency in veterinary medicine.
- It offers a cognitively accessible method for differential diagnosis.
- This system supports both clinical practice and veterinary education.
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