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Updated: Aug 5, 2026
Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
Venous flaps to repaır the soft tıssue defects of the hand
Ali Murat Başak1, Çağla Çiçek2, Arzu Türkseven Topaçoğlu3
1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkiye.
Aim:
The venous flaps provide a versatile, easy flap choice to repair the dorsal skin defects of the fingers and web spaces. Its thin and pliable nature provides natural coverage for the important delicate structures of the hand such as bone, tendon, joint or neurovascular bundle.
Material And Methods:
From 2010 to 2025, we used the venous flaps to cover exposed bone, tendon and joint located on the distal phalanx, proximal phalanx, web space and dorsum of the hand in 10 patients. Flaps were unipedicled distally based in nine cases. It was a free venous flap in one case. During the flap elevation, the pedicle of the flap included one superficial vein of the hand and its perivenous areolar tissue.
Results:
The size of the flaps ranged from 4 cm2 to 9 cm2. The mean length of the vascular pedicles was 3.1 cm (min: 2 cm, max: 10 cm). In all cases, the flaps survived completely. The donor sites were on the dorsal surface of the hand in nine cases, the volar surface of the wrist in one case. The donor sites were closed primarily in eight cases; skin graft was used in two cases.
Conclusion:
The aim of this study was to share our experience regarding the venous flap usage in the hand. Another aim is to remind us of this useful flap, which was not popularized enough despite its versatility and being described 40 years ago.
