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Fluorine-Rich Catalyst-Induced Interphase Engineering to Enable the First Ah-Level FeF3 Conversion Solid-State
Yuan Meng1,2,3,4, Jiulin Hu1,2,3, Rong Qian1,2,4
1State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 3, 2026
Summary
A novel fluorine-rich polymer electrolyte using NaBiF4@Bi2O3 catalysts enables stable solid-state batteries. This breakthrough supports high-energy density conversion cathodes like iron fluoride (FeF3) for practical applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Polymer Science
Background:
- Conversion-type FeF3 cathodes offer high energy density but face challenges with reaction kinetics and stability in solid-state batteries.
- Developing advanced electrolytes is crucial for overcoming these limitations and enabling practical high-energy batteries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design a fluorine-rich polymer electrolyte initiated by a NaBiF4@Bi2O3 catalyst for enhanced solid-state battery performance.
- To investigate the role of NaBiF4 and Bi2O3 in polymerization, electrolyte interface formation, and cathode compatibility.
Main Methods:
- In situ ring-opening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane initiated by NaBiF4@Bi2O3 nanoparticles.
- Fabrication and characterization of solid-state electrolytes and Li-metal symmetric cells.
- Testing of various cathode materials, including LiFePO4, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, and FeF3, in full battery cells.
Main Results:
- The NaBiF4@Bi2O3-initiated electrolyte formed a stable LiF/NaF/Li2O-reinforced solid electrolyte interface with Li3Bi alloy domains.
- Achieved 9700 hours of stable cycling in Li||Li symmetric cells with dendrite-free lithium deposition.
- Demonstrated excellent cycling stability (800 cycles) with LiFePO4 and high areal capacity (6 mAh cm-2) with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.
- Enabled remarkable reversibility for FeF3 conversion chemistry (641 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, 300 cycles at 1 C).
Conclusions:
- The developed catalyst-initiated polymer electrolyte significantly enhances interfacial stability and ionic conductivity in solid-state batteries.
- This approach unlocks the potential of high-energy conversion cathodes, particularly FeF3, paving the way for practical high-energy density batteries.
- A 20-layer FeF3 pouch cell achieved over 1 Ah discharge capacity, demonstrating a critical milestone for FeF3 battery technology.
