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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Behavioral Risk Assessment Scale for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk
Hariharasudhan Ravichandran1, Amrutha Arumugam1, Kshama Susheel Shetty1
1Alva's College of Physiotherapy and Research Centre, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India.
Research in Nursing & Health
|August 3, 2026
Summary
A new scale, the Behavioral Risk Assessment Scale for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk in Nurses (BRASM-N), effectively measures behavioral risks contributing to nurses' musculoskeletal disorders. This tool supports targeted ergonomic interventions and occupational health strategies.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Ergonomics
- Nursing Research
Background:
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in nurses stem from multifaceted physical, organizational, and psychosocial factors.
- Existing assessment tools often lack comprehensiveness, focusing on isolated risk domains.
- A validated instrument is needed for holistic ergonomic risk evaluation in nursing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Behavioral Risk Assessment Scale for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk in Nurses (BRASM-N).
- To provide a multidimensional tool for assessing behavioral risk factors contributing to WMSDs in nurses.
- To support targeted ergonomic screening and preventive interventions in occupational health.
Main Methods:
- Multistage instrument development: item generation, expert validation, pilot, and field testing.
- Administered the BRASM-N to 382 hospital nurses.
- Utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability (Cronbach's alpha, ICC), and validity (convergent, discriminant) assessments.
Main Results:
- A 22-item, four-factor BRASM-N scale demonstrated a stable structure with good model fit (CFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, RMSEA=0.049).
- High reliability was confirmed: internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.72–0.85) and test-retest (ICC=0.76–0.91).
- The scale showed strong convergent and discriminant validity, correlating appropriately with work ability, job control, stress, and coping measures.
Conclusions:
- The BRASM-N is a psychometrically sound, multidimensional instrument for assessing behavioral risk factors in nurses' WMSDs.
- This scale can enhance ergonomic risk assessment and inform preventive strategies in nursing occupational health.
- The BRASM-N facilitates a more comprehensive approach to managing musculoskeletal risks in the nursing profession.
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