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Clinical and epidemiological profiles of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a tertiary care setting: Association of

Sehrish Rauof1, Sadiya Aejaz1, Tazean Zahoor2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, SKIMS MCH Bemina, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) shows distinct patterns, with mixed VKC being the most severe and recurrent form. Understanding these patterns is key for effective long-term management of this allergic eye disease.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic ocular surface disease affecting children, particularly in tropical/subtropical areas.
  • Distinct anatomical disease patterns exist in VKC, influencing disease recurrence and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical profiles of VKC patients.
  • To assess the association between VKC anatomical disease patterns and the recurrence of attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study of 132 VKC patients at a tertiary ophthalmology center.
  • Classification of VKC into limbal, palpebral, or mixed patterns based on anatomical involvement.
  • Analysis of demographic data, clinical features, and attack patterns (initial vs. recurrent) using Chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • The study included 85 males (64.39%) and 47 females (35.61%), with 72.73% aged ≤10 years.
  • Limbal VKC was most common (59.09%), followed by mixed (24.24%) and palpebral (16.67%) patterns. Overall recurrence rate was 78.79%.
  • Mixed VKC showed the highest recurrence (93.75%), while palpebral VKC had the lowest (54.55%). Disease pattern significantly correlated with attack type (P=0.002).

Conclusions:

  • VKC exhibits distinct clinical phenotypes with a significant link between disease pattern and chronicity.
  • Mixed VKC is identified as the most severe and recurrent form, necessitating aggressive, long-term management strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Disease patternlimbal VKCpalpebral VKCpediatric ophthalmologyrecurrencevernal keratoconjunctivitis

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