Research progress on the preparation and polarization properties of one-dimensional lead halide perovskite nanowires

One-dimensional lead halide perovskite nanowires (1D LHP NWs) synergize the excellent optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites with strong structural anisotropy, thus holding significant application potential in polarized optoelectronics. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on the preparation technologies and polarization properties of 1D LHP NWs. We first comprehensively overview and compare mainstream synthesis strategies-including hot-injection, room-temperature, solvothermal, ultrasonic, template-assisted, and vapor-phase growth methods-analyzing how key factors like ligand selection regulate morphology and crystal quality. Crucially, we delve into the structure-performance correlations, elucidating how crystal anisotropy and quantum confinement govern linear and circular polarization mechanisms, while also highlighting recent advancements in environmentally friendly lead-free alternatives. We further quantify their cutting-edge applications in polarized light emission and polarization detection, noting specific breakthroughs such as a high degree of linear polarization up to 0.84 and ultra-high detector responsivities up to 22.14 A W^-1. Finally, the review identifies existing critical challenges and outlines three thematic future directions: resolving synthesis reproducibility and long-term stability, exploring atomic-scale chiral polarization mechanisms, and accelerating industrialization through multi-field integration and pilot-scale manufacturing.