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Prenatal Incarceration Exposure and Postpartum Contraceptive Use: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment
Karyn Fu1, CeCe Cheng2, Carolina Vivas Valencia3
1Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Contraception
|August 3, 2026
Summary
Prenatal incarceration exposure is linked to reduced postpartum contraceptive use. Individuals with incarceration exposure were less likely to use contraception and more likely to practice abstinence.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Incarceration significantly impacts individuals and families, with potential long-term health consequences.
- Postpartum care is crucial for maternal health and well-being, including family planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between prenatal incarceration exposure and postpartum contraceptive use.
- To determine if direct or vicarious incarceration exposure affects contraceptive choices.
Main Methods:
- Utilized pooled cross-sectional data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2016-2021).
- Analyzed data from 111,616 participants across 26 sites.
- Employed survey-weighted logistic regression to assess associations between incarceration exposure and contraceptive use.
Main Results:
- 2.7% of participants reported incarceration exposure (personal or partner).
- Incarceration exposure was associated with lower odds of any postpartum contraceptive use (aOR=0.69).
- Exposure correlated with decreased condom use (aOR=0.84) and increased abstinence (aOR=1.61).
Conclusions:
- Findings highlight disparities in postpartum contraceptive access for those affected by incarceration.
- Integrated approaches involving healthcare, public health, and criminal justice are needed.
- Improved support systems are essential to enhance postpartum contraceptive uptake.
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