Serum PFAS levels in UK firefighters

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Occupational Health
• Toxicology

Background:

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals with emerging health concerns.
• Firefighters globally exhibit higher serum PFAS levels than the general population.
• Understanding occupational exposure is crucial for firefighter health and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify serum concentrations of various PFAS in UK firefighters and a general population comparison group.
• To identify specific PFAS associated with occupational exposure in firefighters.
• To explore demographic factors influencing PFAS levels in firefighters.

Main Methods:

• Serum samples from 942 firefighters and 282 general population individuals were analyzed for PFAS.
• Participants were recruited from eight UK Fire and Rescue Services (FRSs).
• PFAS concentrations were determined using established analytical techniques.

Main Results:

• Elevated geometric mean serum levels of PFHxS, PFOS, and PFHPS were observed in firefighters compared to the general population.
• Four PFAS (8:2 FTS, FOSA, PFBS, PFPeS), including three found in turnout gear, were detected exclusively in firefighters.
• Higher PFAS concentrations were associated with older age and longer service duration among firefighters.

Conclusions:

• Firefighters in the UK exhibit significantly higher serum PFAS levels, particularly those linked to firefighting foams and protective gear.
• Occupational exposure pathways require thorough investigation and monitoring.
• Further research on general population exposure sources and broader monitoring is recommended.