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Balancing defect activation and framework stability: oxygen-vacancy-regulated MnO2 cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion
Shuo Liu1,2,3, Shaohua Luo1,2,3,4, Rui Huang1,2,3
1School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao 066004 PR China tianyanglsh@163.com.
Chemical Science
|August 4, 2026
Summary
Oxygen vacancies in manganese dioxide (MnO2) cathodes enhance aqueous zinc-ion batteries by improving conductivity and ion transport. However, optimizing vacancy concentration is crucial to prevent structural degradation and ensure long-term stability.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Aqueous zinc-ion batteries offer safe, cost-effective, and sustainable energy storage solutions.
- Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is a promising cathode material due to its high capacity and suitable voltage.
- Challenges include poor conductivity, slow ion diffusion, Mn dissolution, and interfacial reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of oxygen vacancies in MnO2 cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
- To explore strategies for constructing oxygen vacancies and their impact on material properties.
- To provide guidance for designing high-performance MnO2 cathodes by balancing defect engineering and structural integrity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advancements in oxygen-vacancy-regulated MnO2 cathodes.
- Analysis of mechanisms including electronic structure modification, ion transport, and interfacial kinetics.
- Investigation of Zn2+/H+ diffusion, MnO2/Mn2+ conversion, and structural stability.
Main Results:
- Oxygen vacancies can improve electronic conductivity, Zn2+/H+ transport, and interfacial reaction kinetics.
- Excessive vacancies can lead to framework instability, Mn dissolution, and irreversible phase changes.
- A balanced approach to vacancy concentration is key for optimal performance.
Conclusions:
- Oxygen vacancy engineering is a powerful strategy for enhancing MnO2 cathode performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
- Understanding the trade-offs between defect activation and framework stability is essential.
- The optimal vacancy level is system-dependent and requires careful tuning.
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