Surgical Management of Vertical Root Fracture (VRF): A Report of Two Cases

Vertical root fracture (VRF) is one of the most challenging complications in endodontic treatment. Diagnosing VRF, especially in the early stages, can be difficult, and it is often recognized only during surgical procedures or on high-quality cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Cracked teeth and VRF represent a rising concern in endodontic management. Tooth extraction for single-rooted teeth and root amputation for multi-rooted teeth are still the last solutions suggested. The most important issue with VRFs is that the fracture line lies below the level of the epithelial attachment, allowing salivary microorganisms to penetrate the fracture space, thereby making the likelihood of fracture repair and the resulting lesion very poor. This paper aims to review the etiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and present the surgical management of two cases of VRF.