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Multiplex PCR to Diagnose Gastrointestinal Infections: Key Limitations in Interpretation
Giannoula S Tansarli1, Ferric C Fang1,2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
United European Gastroenterology Journal
|August 4, 2026
Summary
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels for diarrhea offer rapid pathogen detection but present interpretation challenges. Clinicians need a framework to integrate molecular results with patient factors for optimal management.
Area of Science:
- Clinical microbiology
- Molecular diagnostics
- Infectious disease
Background:
- Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels are widely adopted for diagnosing acute diarrhea.
- These panels offer rapid and sensitive detection of numerous enteric pathogens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the limitations of multiplex gastrointestinal (GI) PCR panels.
- To provide a framework for interpreting these molecular results in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of multiplex GI PCR panel utility and limitations.
- Development of a practical framework for result interpretation.
Main Results:
- Multiplex PCR panels can lead to challenges in distinguishing active infection from colonization or shedding.
- Current panels lack antimicrobial susceptibility data and quantitative information.
- Incomplete pathogen coverage and false positives can complicate interpretation.
Conclusions:
- Integrating molecular results with clinical presentation, disease severity, and patient risk factors is crucial.
- Informed management decisions can prevent unnecessary antimicrobial use and improve healthcare utilization.
