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RSV shapes serotype-specific invasive pneumococcal disease dynamics in children: an observational study

Inès Fafi1,2,3, Corinne Levy4,5,6, Emmanuelle Varon4,7

  • 1Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME UMR 1137, EPIC team, F-75018 Paris, France.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season significantly influences invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) serotype distribution. RSV circulation amplifies IPD involvement of pneumococcal serotypes with lower disease potential.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization precedes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may increase IPD risk, especially for less virulent serotypes.
  • Understanding serotype-specific IPD dynamics during RSV seasons is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in pediatric IPD cases in relation to RSV circulation levels.
  • To investigate how RSV seasonality affects the involvement of different pneumococcal serotypes in IPD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized French surveillance data for IPD, pneumococcal carriage, and RSV infections (2008-2023).
  • Assessed pneumococcal serotype proportions in IPD during RSV and non-RSV seasons.
  • Correlated serotype-specific IPD likelihood with estimated disease potential during different seasons.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in pneumococcal serotype distribution was observed between RSV and non-RSV seasons among 4,574 IPD cases.
  • RSV circulation was found to enhance the involvement of lower-disease-potential serotypes in IPD (Rho=0.60, p=0.0012).

Conclusions:

  • The influence of RSV on triggering IPD varies considerably among pneumococcal serotypes.
  • Future RSV-targeted interventions should consider these serotype-specific impacts on IPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
RSVdisease potentialinvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcus

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