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Oropouche Virus in Loreto, Peru (2023-2024): Case Distribution, Genome Sequencing, and Phylogenetic Insights

Katherine Torres1,2,3, Alonso Cruz-Echevarria1, Lester J Perez4

  • 1Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenieria, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|August 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Oropouche virus (OROV) significantly contributes to undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) in the Peruvian Amazon. Routine OROV testing and genomic surveillance are crucial for public health action.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Virology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) presents a significant public health challenge in the Peruvian Amazon.
  • Oropouche virus (OROV) is a potential contributor to unexplained febrile illnesses in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the contribution of Oropouche virus (OROV) to acute febrile illness (AFI) in Loreto, Peru.
  • To contextualize the recent circulation of OROV using molecular testing and phylogenomic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Rescreening of 1,000 AFI samples using a novel OROV real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test.
  • Targeted molecular testing and phylogenomic analysis of OROV strains.
  • Investigation of exposure patterns, including animal contact, human-to-human contact, and travel history.

Main Results:

  • Oropouche virus (OROV) was detected in 7.1% of AFI cases across seven surveillance sites in Loreto.
  • Positive OROV detections occurred broadly, indicating endemic transmission rather than a localized outbreak.
  • Transmission patterns suggest peridomestic, vector-mediated acquisition, with animal contact being a common exposure route.

Conclusions:

  • Oropouche virus (OROV) accounts for a substantial proportion of undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) in Loreto.
  • Routine OROV testing and genomic surveillance are essential for improving diagnostics and public health responses.
  • Findings support the integration of OROV diagnostics into routine surveillance to enhance situational awareness and guide interventions.

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