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Development of a dynamic anatomical model using 3D printing for the study of TPLO surgical technique in small-breed
Anna Luiza Campos Pollon1, Caio Landi Reimão1, Antônio Chaves de Assis Neto2
1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil.
Importance:
The Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) is a widely performed surgical technique for treating cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. However, practical learning for this procedure faces challenges due to the lack of adequate hands-on methods.
Objective:
This study aimed to develop a dynamic anatomical phantom using three-dimensional (3D) printing and various materials to provide an efficient and safe alternative to cadavers in TPLO teaching.
Methods:
A phantom was designed to accurately reproduce the bone, ligament, muscle, and vascular structures of the canine stifle joint. The model was created using 3D printing and synthetic components, allowing continuous and repeatable practice while offering a clear understanding of each surgical step.
Results:
The model faithfully mimics real canine anatomy, enabling detailed visualization of the structures involved in TPLO. Its anatomical precision facilitates comprehension of knee biomechanics both preoperatively and postoperatively, enhancing technical learning.
Conclusions And Relevance:
The dynamic phantom proved to be an effective complementary tool for TPLO understanding, providing a safe, ethical, and reproducible alternative to cadaver use and helping to reduce the surgical learning curve.
