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F-words as core components in global early childhood development interventions: a scoping review protocol
Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami1,2,3,4, Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi5,4, Seifollah Heidarabadi3
1Student Research Committee (SRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran js.tabrizi@gmail.com Behghadami.m@gmail.com.
BMJ Open
|August 4, 2026
Summary
This scoping review examines how the F-words framework is integrated into global early childhood development (ECD) interventions. It identifies patterns and gaps in supporting children aged 0-5 years across diverse health contexts.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Public Health Interventions
Background:
- Early childhood development (ECD) interventions are crucial for children aged 0-5, addressing diverse needs from typical development to disorders.
- Current ECD interventions show variable conceptual integration across different global contexts.
- The F-words framework (Functioning, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends, Future) offers a holistic, strengths-based approach to child development, yet its application in global health is underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review examining the integration of the F-words framework components within global early childhood development (ECD) interventions.
- To understand how Functioning, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends, and Future are reflected in current ECD practices worldwide.
- To identify patterns, gaps, and implementation factors related to the F-words framework in global ECD.
Main Methods:
- Adoption of Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute and using a Population-Concept-Context approach.
- Comprehensive literature searches across major international databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) and regional/grey literature sources.
- Independent screening by two reviewers, data charting aligned with F-words domains, and narrative synthesis to identify key findings.
Main Results:
- The review will chart how each F-word domain is represented in global ECD interventions.
- Analysis will identify commonalities and variations in the application of the F-words framework across different geographical and health system contexts.
- Key patterns, research gaps, and factors influencing the implementation of the F-words framework in ECD will be highlighted.
Conclusions:
- This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the F-words framework's integration into global ECD interventions.
- Findings will inform future research, policy development, and practical implementation strategies to enhance holistic child development support.
- The study aims to contribute to a more integrated and strengths-based approach to early childhood development globally.
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