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F-words as core components in global early childhood development interventions: a scoping review protocol

Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami1,2,3,4, Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi5,4, Seifollah Heidarabadi3

  • 1Student Research Committee (SRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran js.tabrizi@gmail.com Behghadami.m@gmail.com.

BMJ Open
|August 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This scoping review examines how the F-words framework is integrated into early childhood development (ECD) interventions globally. It aims to identify patterns, gaps, and factors influencing ECD intervention implementation worldwide.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Early childhood development (ECD) interventions are crucial for children aged 0-5, addressing diverse needs from typical development to disorders.
  • Current ECD interventions show variable conceptual integration across global health contexts.
  • The F-words framework (Functioning, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends, Future) offers a holistic, strengths-based approach to child development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review examining the integration of the F-words framework components within global ECD interventions.
  • To identify how Functioning, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends, and Future are reflected in current ECD practices worldwide.
  • To explore patterns, gaps, and implementation factors of ECD interventions guided by the F-words framework.

Main Methods:

  • Adopting Arksey and O'Malley's framework with Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and a Population-Concept-Context approach.
  • Conducting comprehensive searches across major international databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature.
  • Utilizing independent screening by two reviewers, data charting aligned with F-words domains, and narrative synthesis.

Main Results:

  • The review will identify and synthesize how the six F-words domains are represented in global ECD interventions.
  • Key patterns in the application of the F-words framework across different health contexts will be elucidated.
  • Significant gaps and facilitators for implementing F-words-informed ECD interventions will be highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the F-words framework's integration in global ECD interventions.
  • Findings will inform the development of more holistic and strengths-based ECD programs worldwide.
  • The study aims to guide research, policy, and practice to enhance early childhood development outcomes globally.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildChild protectionCommunity child healthPaediatric intensive & critical care

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