[Research status of topical insulin therapy for neurotrophic keratopathy]

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a rare degenerative corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal sensory innervation, which results in epithelial defects and the development of corneal ulcers. This condition frequently progresses to severe complications. Given the limited efficacy of conventional therapies, topical insulin eye drop treatment has emerged as a promising approach in NK management due to its distinctive mechanism and substantial effectiveness in promoting corneal healing. Extensive research has demonstrated that insulin plays a critical role in corneal tissue repair via multi-target and multi-pathway molecular mechanisms. The topical administration of insulin eye drops significantly accelerates the healing of refractory neurotrophic epithelial defects and corneal ulcers. Due to its high safety profile, ease of preparation, and remarkable therapeutic outcomes, insulin eye drops represent a valuable and reliable treatment option for patients with refractory corneal diseases.