Multidimensional Protein Corona Analysis Toward Predictive Nano-Bio Interface Design

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine
• Biomaterials Science
• Proteomics

Background:

• Nanoparticles in biological fluids acquire a protein corona, forming a critical nano-bio interface.
• This corona influences nanoparticle behavior, including stability, cellular interactions, and toxicity.
• Current proteomic analysis often captures only a partial view of the corona's complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in protein corona isolation and analysis.
• To emphasize analytical techniques that ensure the fidelity, integrity, and comparability of recovered coronas.
• To explore methods for integrating proteomic data with binding, structural, and functional analyses.

Main Methods:

• Discussion of various isolation techniques: centrifugation, magnetic recovery, affinity capture, chromatography, filtration, and field-flow fractionation (FFF).
• Integration of proteomic profiling with binding assays, interfacial structural analysis, and functional validation.
• Consideration of factors influencing corona remodeling, such as biofluid composition and disease state.

Main Results:

• Various isolation methods impact the quality and comparability of protein corona analysis.
• Combining proteomic data with other analyses is key to understanding corona mechanisms.
• Biofluid composition, disease state, and cellular environment significantly alter corona identity and bioactivity.

Conclusions:

• Standardized reporting, computational modeling, and AI are essential for reproducible and predictive protein corona knowledge.
• This knowledge is vital for designing effective drug delivery systems and precision nanomedicines.
• A comprehensive understanding of the protein corona is critical for advancing nanomedicine applications.