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Updated: Aug 6, 2026
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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Published on: November 28, 2014
Adsorption of crystal violet dye using Embelia schimperi biochar: optimization using response surface methodology
Margaret Chepkemoi Koske1, Michael David Otieno2, Ismael Okoth Oduor3
1Department of Science and Technology, Koitaleel Samoei University College.
International Journal of Phytoremediation
|August 5, 2026
Summary
Embelia schimperi biochar effectively removes crystal violet (CV) dye from water. This study optimized conditions using response surface methodology, achieving 98% CV removal with low adsorbent dosage and optimal pH and contact time.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Adsorption Science
Background:
- Crystal violet (CV) is a widely used dye with significant environmental and health risks.
- Wastewater contamination by CV from industries like textiles poses ecological challenges.
- Developing efficient and sustainable methods for CV removal is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of Embelia schimperi biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for CV removal.
- To optimize the adsorption process using response surface methodology (RSM).
- To determine the ideal parameters for maximum CV removal.
Main Methods:
- Adsorption experiments were conducted using Embelia schimperi biochar.
- Response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was employed for optimization.
- Key parameters evaluated included adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH.
Main Results:
- A quadratic model with R² = 0.98 and p < 0.0001 accurately predicted CV removal.
- Optimal conditions for CV removal were determined as 0.11 g adsorbent dosage, 60 min contact time, and pH 7.5.
- The predicted maximum CV removal efficiency was 98% at a desirability of 1.0.
Conclusions:
- Embelia schimperi biochar is a highly effective and low-cost adsorbent for crystal violet removal.
- RSM is a suitable method for optimizing adsorption processes.
- The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to treating dye-contaminated wastewater.
