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Gender Differences in Food Insecurity, Anxiety, and Nutrition in Israel: A Cross-Sectional Study
Daniela Abigail Navarro1, Naama Dgania Yaroslaviz1, Maya Maor2
1Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Women'S Health Reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
|August 5, 2026
Summary
Women experienced higher anxiety and food insecurity during the war, highlighting gender disparities. Targeted public health interventions are crucial for supporting vulnerable populations during crises.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Mental Health Research
- Sociology of Health
Background:
- Food insecurity and psychological distress, particularly anxiety, are interconnected, with significant gender-based differences observed.
- Understanding these relationships is vital for developing effective interventions during crises like war.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity stratified by gender among Israeli adults.
- To examine the association between food insecurity, anxiety symptoms, and diet quality in the context of war.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional online survey was administered to a representative sample of Israeli adults (n=530) between November 7-18, 2023.
- Food insecurity was measured using the Hunger Vital Sign, anxiety via the GAD-7 scale, and diet quality with the Israel Mediterranean Diet Scale (I-MEDAS).
- The study period coincided with significant wartime disruptions in Israel.
Main Results:
- Food insecurity prevalence was 8.2%; females reported significantly higher anxiety scores (median GAD-7: 10 vs. 5).
- Female gender, food insecurity, current smoking, and worsening living conditions were associated with elevated anxiety.
- Males exhibited higher rates of smoking and physical activity, while females reported more dietary changes and supplement use.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals critical gender-based disparities in mental health and lifestyle behaviors during wartime.
- Findings suggest women bear disproportionate burdens, aligning with feminist theories on crisis response.
- Public health and primary care strategies should integrate screening and tailored interventions, considering an intersectional approach for future research.
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