Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Intraosseous Distances According to Skeletal Class Using Cone
Gissela Maribel Lema-Paguay1, Magaly Noemí Jiménez-Romero1,2, Miriam Lima-Illescas1,2
1Departamento de posgrados, Especialidad en Ortodoncia, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues, Cañar, Ecuador.
Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between sagittal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces and skeletal class using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials And Methods:
Forty-eight CBCT scans were analyzed and equally distributed among skeletal class (I, II, and III) based on the Beta angle. Anterior (AS), superior (SS), and posterior (PS) joint spaces were measured on standardized sagittal reconstructions using an Instrumentarium OP300 unit. Condylar positional patterns were analyzed according to skeletal class.
Results:
Significant intergroup differences in joint space measurements were identified (p < 0.05), primarily on the right side. Skeletal Class II presented the greatest dimensions (AS: 2.67 ± 1.04 mm; SS: 3.03 ± 0.98 mm; PS: 2.58 ± 0.87 mm), consistent with a more posterior and inferior condylar position. Conversely, Skeletal Class III consistently exhibited the lowest values (AS: 1.85 ± 0.65 mm; SS: 2.12 ± 0.62 mm; PS: 1.74 mm), indicating reduced joint space dimensions.
Conclusion:
Sagittal evaluation using CBCT revealed that skeletal class influences joint space dimensions, with larger joint space dimensions observed in Skeletal Class II patients. Bilateral variations may reflect morphological adaptations associated with skeletal patterns.
