Emerging bismuth-based perovskite single crystals for advanced optoelectronics

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Solid State Physics
• Optoelectronics

Background:

• Lead-based halide perovskites face toxicity and stability issues.
• Bismuth-based perovskites present a promising lead-free alternative.
• Diverse structures (low-dimensional, double, layered oxyhalides) offer unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review recent advances in bismuth-based perovskite single crystals.
• To discuss their classification, crystal structure, and optoelectronic properties.
• To summarize growth strategies and applications, highlighting future directions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on bismuth-based perovskite single crystals.
• Analysis of crystal structure, electronic band structure, and charge carrier dynamics.
• Summary of various crystal growth techniques (e.g., slow evaporation, hydrothermal, vapor transport).

Main Results:

• Bismuth-based perovskites exhibit tunable bandgaps, high stability, and long carrier lifetimes.
• Various synthesis methods enable the formation of high-quality single crystals.
• Successful applications demonstrated in high-performance photodetectors and X-ray detectors.

Conclusions:

• Bismuth-based perovskite single crystals are a viable lead-free alternative with excellent optoelectronic properties.
• Scalable synthesis, interface engineering, and multifunctional integration are key future research areas.
• Emerging applications in advanced detector technologies are anticipated.