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Middle-Range Theory on Fatigue in Chronic Kidney Disease
Angélica Paixão de Menezes1, Leonardo Alexandrino da Silva2, Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho Lira3
1Professor, Uninta University Center, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Nursing Science Quarterly
|August 5, 2026
Summary
Researchers developed a middle-range theory (MRT) for understanding fatigue in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This framework enhances clinical reasoning and nursing interventions for better CKD patient care.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nursing Science
- Clinical Theory Development
Background:
- Fatigue is a significant and complex symptom in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- Existing theoretical frameworks may not adequately capture the multifaceted nature of fatigue in this population.
- A robust theoretical model is needed to guide clinical practice and research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a middle-range theory (MRT) specifically addressing the phenomenon of fatigue in patients with chronic kidney disease.
- To establish a conceptual framework for understanding and managing fatigue in CKD.
Main Methods:
- Methodological study utilizing an integrative literature review.
- Searches conducted across Scopus, SciELO, and PubMed databases.
- Inclusion of 41 relevant studies in the review process.
Main Results:
- A novel MRT for fatigue in CKD was successfully developed.
- The theory comprises 5 essential attributes, 13 clinical antecedents, 9 empirical referents, and 8 explanatory propositions.
- A representative pictogram was designed to visually depict the theory.
Conclusions:
- The developed MRT offers a comprehensive conceptual framework for fatigue in CKD.
- This theory strengthens clinical reasoning for healthcare professionals.
- It supports the implementation of more precise and effective nursing interventions for CKD patients experiencing fatigue.
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