BODIPY and aza-BODIPY Dyes for Theragnostic Applications

BODIPY and aza-BODIPY fluorophores have attracted considerable attention in theragnostic research because of their excellent photophysical properties, high photostability, structural versatility, and ease of chemical functionalization. These characteristics have enabled their application in fluorescence imaging, molecular sensing, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and multifunctional nanoplatforms for diagnosis and treatment. This chapter reviews recent advances in the molecular engineering of BODIPY- and aza-BODIPY-based systems, emphasizing the structural strategies used to modulate their optical properties and therapeutic performance. Particular attention is devoted to the development of activatable probes, photosensitizers, responsive molecular sensors, and nanostructured theragnostic platforms. The discussion highlights how rational molecular design has expanded the biomedical potential of these fluorophores and identifies current challenges and future opportunities for the development of next-generation fluorescent theragnostic agents.