Exercise-Induced Regulation of LncRNAs: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Translation in Cardiovascular Health

While exercise training is an established cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical epigenetic modulators that dynamically respond to physical activity and drive cardiovascular adaptation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how exercise training reshapes lncRNA transcriptomic landscape to exert cardioprotective effects. Central to this discussion is the elucidation of lncRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, which serve as pivotal regulatory axes in exercise-induced cellular responses. Additionally, we highlight the emerging significance of exercise-derived exosomal lncRNAs in mediating inter-organ communication and promoting systemic vascular health. Ultimately, this synthesis delineates current knowledge gaps and future research directions, offering a robust molecular rationale for the development and implementation of personalized exercise prescriptions in clinical cardiology.