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[Cranioscopic methods for determining human sex using the skull]
V L Popov1, I V Gaivoronskiy2,3, O M Fandeeva1,2
1Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Sudebno-Meditsinskaia Ekspertiza
|August 5, 2026
Summary
This study systematizes modern craniological methods for sex determination from skulls, evaluating their effectiveness with digital and machine learning approaches. A combined strategy using traditional and new techniques, considering population specifics, is advised.
Area of Science:
- Forensic anthropology
- Craniology
- Bioinformatics

