Disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis: An overview and update

Area of Science:

• Infection Control and Prevention
• Healthcare Epidemiology
• Medical Microbiology

Background:

• Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant threat to patient safety.
• Environmental surfaces, reusable medical devices, and healthcare worker hands are key reservoirs for pathogen transmission.
• Effective disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis are fundamental to mitigating HAI risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current literature on best practices in disinfection, sterilization, and antiseptic use in healthcare settings.
• To provide evidence-based guidance for reducing infection transmission.
• To highlight the importance of appropriate application of these methods.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of published studies.
• Focus on articles demonstrating improvements in disinfection, sterilization, and antiseptic protocols.
• Synthesis of findings related to infection risk reduction.

Main Results:

• The paper details the correct application of disinfectants and sterilization technologies to minimize infection risks.
• Guidance is provided on the appropriate use of antiseptics for patient care and procedures.
• Effective strategies are presented for managing infection risks associated with environmental surfaces and reusable medical equipment.

Conclusions:

• Consistent and correct implementation of disinfection, decontamination, and sterilization can prevent most HAIs linked to environmental surfaces and reusable devices.
• Antiseptics are essential for preventing infections by reducing pathogens on hands and skin before invasive procedures.
• Adherence to these practices is critical for patient safety in healthcare environments.