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Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface
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Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface

Published on: August 11, 2017

Comparative analysis of four hospital cleaning validation methods

William A Rutala1, Hajime Kanamori2, Maria F Gergen3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.

American Journal of Infection Control
|August 5, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
DisinfectionEnvironmentalEnvironmental surfacesHospitalsHygienicInfectionsPathogens

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