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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Analgesia, Opioids, and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy and Neonatal Effects
Elizabeth Yen1, Rachana Singh2
1Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
None:
As of 2022, 8.9 million adults aged 12 years and older misused opioids and 9.3 million required medication for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Increases in adult OUD incidence has resulted in higher number of infants born with in utero opioid exposure. Non-stigmatizing early prenatal care should be provided to mothers with OUD to improve outcomes for the mother-infant dyad. Implementation of comprehensive, non-pharmacological management for neonates can improve neonatal outcomes. A post-discharge plan of safe care should be in place for all maternal-infant dyads with a history of maternal OUD.
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