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Design and Manufacturing of Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite-Coated Ti6Al4V Implants With Cissus quadrangularis
Susmita Bose1, Samuel F Robertson1, Priya Kushram1
1W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|August 6, 2026
Summary
This study engineered orthopedic implants with doped hydroxyapatite coatings, polydopamine, and plant extracts. This novel surface modification significantly accelerates early bone healing and osseointegration for better implant performance.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Osseointegration is crucial for cementless orthopedic and dental implants.
- Current methods for enhancing osseointegration have limitations.
- Surface engineering offers a promising avenue for improving implant integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel surface coating for enhanced early-stage osseointegration of orthopedic implants.
- To investigate the combined effects of bioactive metal ions, polydopamine, and plant extracts on bone healing.
- To provide a scalable and clinically translatable solution for improving implant performance.
Main Methods:
- Ti6Al4V substrates were coated with lithium, strontium, and silver-doped hydroxyapatite using RF induction plasma spray.
- Coatings were further loaded with polydopamine and Cissus quadrangularis extract.
- In vitro co-culture studies with mesenchymal stem cells and monocytes were performed.
- In vivo studies were conducted using a rat distal femur model.
Main Results:
- The engineered coating significantly upregulated key osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein).
- Osteoclastic activity was modulated by the coating.
- In vivo studies showed enhanced osteoid formation and mineralized bone formation with the addition of Cissus quadrangularis extract.
- The induction plasma spray method proved effective for manufacturing the complex coating.
Conclusions:
- The novel Li-Sr-Ag-doped HA coating with polydopamine and Cissus quadrangularis extract effectively accelerates early-stage osseointegration.
- This surface engineering approach offers a scalable and clinically translatable solution for cementless orthopedic and dental implants.
- The combination of bioactive ions, polymers, and plant extracts holds significant potential for enhancing bone healing and implant success.