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Adiposity Change Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: Age- and Smoking-Specific Associations in 1,332,372 Korean Males
Su Youn Nam1,2, Junwoo Jo3
1Convergence Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
The World Journal of Men'S Health
|August 6, 2026
Summary
Body mass index (BMI) changes impact prostate cancer risk. Maintaining a normal weight or losing weight from obesity is linked to lower risk, while persistent overweight/obesity increases it.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Inconsistent evidence links body mass index (BMI) change to prostate cancer risk.
- Adiposity is known to influence prostate carcinogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between longitudinal body mass index (BMI) patterns and prostate cancer risk.
- To explore how BMI changes over time affect prostate cancer incidence in a large male cohort.
Main Methods:
- Population-based cohort study of 1,332,372 Korean males with BMI assessments in 2009 and 2013, followed through 2017.
- BMI classified using Asia-Pacific criteria; 25 BMI trajectory groups defined.
- Cox proportional hazards models used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Persistent overweight and obesity were associated with increased prostate cancer risk compared to persistent normal BMI.
- Being underweight or transitioning from underweight to normal BMI was linked to reduced risk.
- Weight loss from obesity to normal BMI was associated with reduced risk; smoking amplified adverse associations.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal adiposity patterns have varied impacts on prostate cancer risk, influenced by smoking status and age.
- Personalized, lifestage-specific prevention strategies focusing on weight management and lifestyle modification are supported.
- Understanding BMI trajectories is crucial for prostate cancer risk assessment and prevention.
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