Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026
05:07
Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
Published on: February 28, 2025
Extracellular Vesicles-Based Biological Macromolecule Delivery Systems: Biogenesis, Characterization, and Emerging
Emine İncilay Torunoğlu1, Zeynep Betül Sarı2, Muhammed Emin Sarı3
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|August 6, 2026
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for cell communication and disease progression. This review highlights their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and next-generation therapeutics, despite challenges in standardization and clinical translation.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication, transporting bioactive molecules between cells.
- EVs reflect the physiological and pathological state of parent cells and are involved in numerous biological processes.
- Their roles span immune regulation, tissue regeneration, and disease progression, making them significant research targets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of extracellular vesicle (EV) biology, including biogenesis, composition, isolation, and characterization.
- To emphasize the functional roles of EVs in various diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions.
- To examine the therapeutic potential of EVs and EV-integrated systems, alongside current challenges in their clinical application.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on EV biogenesis, isolation, and characterization techniques.
- Analysis of recent advances in quantitative, qualitative, and single-vesicle analytical methods for EVs.
- Discussion of functional roles and therapeutic strategies involving EVs in diverse disease contexts.
Main Results:
- EVs play significant roles in disease pathogenesis, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic resistance across multiple conditions.
- Emerging strategies utilize natural and engineered EVs, including EV-hydrogel systems, for enhanced therapeutic delivery.
- Current analytical techniques offer insights but face limitations in standardization and scalability.
Conclusions:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense potential as diagnostic biomarkers and advanced therapeutic platforms.
- Standardization of isolation protocols, scalable production, and managing vesicle heterogeneity are critical for clinical translation.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully realize the therapeutic promise of EVs in various diseases.
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