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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Online Virtual Reality Networked Control Laboratory Applied in Control Engineering Education
Published on: February 23, 2024
Evaluation of Learner Engagement Following Virtual Reality Augmented Central Line Training
Margaret Sande1, Kevin Livingstone2, David Moody3
1Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Abstract:
Central line placement is a critical skill for medical students, yet training opportunities are limited. This pilot study evaluated the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on fourth-year medical students' perceived competence for central line placement. Fifty-four students underwent VR training followed by hands-on simulation. Results demonstrated a significant increase in perceived competence post-training, with improvements across multiple dimensions. Students also rated the VR experience as highly valuable for their learning. While engagement with the VR interface was moderate overall, students found the technology appealing and worthwhile. These findings suggest that VR holds promise as a valuable adjunct to traditional central line training, enhancing students' preparedness for clinical practice.
