Association between meat and fish intake and kidney stone risk: a cross-sectional food frequency questionnaire study...

Dietary factors, particularly meat and fish intake, may influence kidney stone formation, but evidence in the Chinese population is limited.

To investigate the association between various types of meat and fish consumption and kidney stone prevalence using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 830 participants (299 kidney stone patients, 531 controls) using online and hospital-based FFQs. Logistic regression models assessed associations, adjusting for confounders.

Pork intake showed a non-linear association with kidney stone status. Compared with the lowest intake group, the highest pork intake group was associated with higher odds of kidney stones (OR = 3.321, 95% CI: 1.094-10.044), whereas the highest sea fish intake group was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.331, 95% CI: 0.115-0.936). Processed meat intake was not significantly associated with kidney stone status after adjustment.

Pork consumption is positively associated with kidney stone, and sea fish intake is inversely associated with kidney stone in the Chinese population.