Non-coding RNA-driven cardiovascular immunometabolic reprogramming: from inflammatory endotypes to therapeutic...

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular research
• Immunometabolism
• Non-coding RNA biology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an immunometabolic disorder involving inflammation, metabolic changes, and cell dysfunction.
• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in regulating these processes within diverse cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conceptually synthesize how ncRNAs drive cardiovascular immunometabolic reprogramming from an inflammatory perspective.
• To frame mechanism-based endotypes for research, linking CVD conditions to underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, exRNA) in cardiovascular contexts.
• Cross-mapping of conventional CVD labels to dominant inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms.
• Analysis of ncRNA regulation of cellular processes like cholesterol handling, inflammasome activation, and tissue remodeling.

Main Results:

• ncRNAs regulate key cellular pathways in macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts.
• Circular RNAs (circRNAs) show distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in cardiac and vascular compartments.
• ncRNA actions are context- and cell-type-dependent, defying simple protective/pathogenic classifications.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs are potential classifiers, regulators, markers, and therapeutic targets in precision cardiovascular medicine.
• Translational opportunities include liquid biopsies using circulating/exosomal ncRNAs and RNA-based therapeutics.
• Integrated phenotyping, multi-omics, and biomarker-enriched trials are crucial for advancing ncRNA applications in CVD.