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The Anatomy of the Human Linea Alba: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Noa Martonovich1,2, Caterina Fede3, Giada De Bon3
1From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|August 6, 2026
Summary
The human linea alba, crucial for abdominal wall integrity, shows consistent width variations but inconsistent histological details. Further research is needed to understand its variability and clinical relevance in conditions like hernias.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Histology
- Clinical relevance
Background:
- The linea alba is a vital midline abdominal wall structure.
- Its morphology is linked to pathologies like midline hernia and diastasis recti abdominis.
- Existing anatomical and histological data are inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize macroscopic and microscopic features of the human linea alba.
- To evaluate the clinical relevance of linea alba morphology.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL.
- Inclusion of anatomical or histological studies on the human linea alba.
- Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment by three independent reviewers.
Main Results:
- Fifteen studies were included, revealing inconsistent findings on sex, age, and BMI effects.
- A consistent anatomical trend showed the linea alba widest at the umbilicus and narrowest near the pubic symphysis.
- Histology indicated a layered collagen structure; midline fiber decussation was not consistently observed. Reduced collagen types I and III were noted in pathological samples.
Conclusions:
- Some structural patterns of the linea alba are consistent.
- Significant gaps exist regarding its variability and influencing factors.
- Further investigation is required for a comprehensive understanding.
