The Role of Slow Gait Speed in Cognitive Decline among Aging Women: A Systematic Review

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are increasing at an alarming rate, with projections estimating that by 2060, approximately 13.8 million adults aged 65 years and older in the U.S. will be affected by one or both. Among the many symptoms associated with cognitive decline, gait impairment is one that significantly affects functional independence and mobility.

A systematic review was conducted to analyze 49 peer-reviewed studies using the Covidence systematic review software and adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The selected articles examined variables related to gait speed, and cognition. Participants were assessed through validated neurocognitive and mobility measures, including the MoCA and Dynamic Gait Index.

A significant negative correlation was identified between usual walking speed and age. This trend was particularly pronounced in women, in whom a significant negative association between MoCA scores and age (P = -0.019) was observed, suggesting an increased susceptibility to cognitive deterioration with advancing age.

These findings underline the sex-specific nature of the relationship between gait speed and cognitive function, highlighting increased vulnerability in aging women. The decline in mobility and cognition observed in this population underscores the urgency of developing targeted interventions that integrate physical and cognitive rehabilitation strategies.