VP Shunt Malfunction Simulation Case for Emergency Medicine Residents

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Neurosurgery
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are crucial for managing hydrocephalus, affecting thousands annually.
• VP shunt malfunction can lead to severe complications, necessitating prompt recognition by emergency physicians.
• Current training for VP shunt malfunction varies, highlighting a need for standardized simulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a simulation for diagnosing and managing mechanical VP shunt malfunction.
• To enhance resident knowledge and skills in identifying shunt dysfunction signs and symptoms.
• To provide learners with experience in troubleshooting VP shunt complications and indications for emergent procedures.

Main Methods:

• A high-fidelity mannikin with a DIY task trainer was utilized for a simulated VP shunt malfunction case.
• Learners practiced recognizing shunt dysfunction, administering treatment, and determining appropriate patient disposition.
• Pre- and post-simulation surveys assessed perceived knowledge and confidence, using "neurologic device" to avoid cueing.

Main Results:

• Post-simulation, residents reported significantly higher confidence in recognizing shunt dysfunction and managing complications.
• Learners found the simulation valuable for future clinical practice and had a positive experience.
• The educational content was deemed effective in addressing knowledge gaps.

Conclusions:

• Medical simulation is an effective tool for improving resident competence in managing VP shunt dysfunction.
• This simulation successfully increased learner confidence and preparedness for neurologic emergencies related to VP shunts.
• The simulation addresses a critical need for standardized, hands-on training in VP shunt malfunction management.