Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease, Risk Factors, and Trends
Zeynep Yukselen1, Debabrata Mukherjee1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Texas, Unites States.
Summary
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects millions globally, with higher prevalence in older adults and racial disparities. Early PAD diagnosis and managing risk factors like smoking and diabetes are crucial for preventing severe complications.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD) impacts over 230 million worldwide, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries.
- PAD prevalence escalates with age, rising from 10% in those 55-59 to 60% in individuals 85 and older.
- Significant racial disparities exist, with Black individuals exhibiting nearly double the PAD prevalence compared to non-Hispanic White individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the global burden and increasing prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD).
- To emphasize the critical need for early diagnosis and effective management of PAD.
- To discuss the role of modifiable risk factors and emerging technologies in addressing PAD.
Main Methods:
- This study is a review of existing epidemiological data and clinical findings on PAD.
- Analysis of prevalence trends, risk factors, and diagnostic challenges associated with PAD.
- Evaluation of the impact of underdiagnosis on patient outcomes and the potential of new diagnostic approaches.
Main Results:
- PAD prevalence has nearly doubled globally between 1990 and 2021.
- Chronic limb-threatening ischemia, a severe PAD manifestation, carries a 20% annual risk of mortality and amputation.
- Approximately 75% of PAD cases are linked to modifiable risk factors, primarily tobacco use and diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis of PAD is essential to mitigate cardiovascular and limb complications.
- Effective control of modifiable risk factors remains paramount in PAD management.
- While AI shows promise, traditional risk factor management is key to reducing PAD-associated adverse events.
Related Concept Videos
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