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Large language model use in dental education: a cross-sectional multi-country study
Abubaker Qutieshat1,2, Lovely M Annamma3,4, Gurdeep Singh2
1Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Medical Education Online
|August 6, 2026
Summary
Large language model (LLM) use is common among dental students globally, impacting academic activities. Educational institutions need to provide clear guidance and training on LLM verification and integrity.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Digital Health
- Academic Integrity
Background:
- Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into higher education.
- Limited multi-country data exists on dental students' LLM usage, verification methods, and academic integrity practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare senior dental students' LLM utilization, perceived academic impact, and integrity safeguards across five countries.
- To investigate variations in LLM use, reliability judgments, and verification strategies among dental students in diverse international settings.
Main Methods:
- An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was distributed to final-year dental students in the UAE, Jordan, Malaysia, Oman, and Brazil.
- Data collected included LLM tool usage, motivations, academic activities, perceived impact, verification practices, guideline awareness, and integrity safeguards.
- Statistical analyses involved Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, and ordinal logistic models with adjustments for multiple comparisons.
Main Results:
- 454 students participated; ChatGPT was the predominant LLM (95.9%).
- Frequent LLM use for time-saving, concept clarification, and summarization was reported, with 25.6% using LLMs for exam assistance.
- Verification practices and guideline awareness varied significantly across countries, with lower verification rates in Oman and lower guideline awareness in Brazil.
- Integrity safeguards like paraphrasing and citations were common, but disclaimers were rare.
Conclusions:
- LLM adoption is widespread and diverse among dental students, including for high-stakes academic tasks.
- Dental education programs require explicit training on LLM verification, traceability, and disclosure.
- Clear institutional guidelines and assessment strategies that acknowledge real-world LLM use are essential.
