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Published on: July 5, 2022

Development and validation of a type 1 diabetes self-management scale for children

Merve Aşkın Ceran1,2, Murat Bektas3, Beray Selver Eklioğlu4

  • 1Dokuz Eylul University, Health Science Institute, Department of Pediatric Nursing - İzmir, Türkiye.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|August 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study developed a new self-management scale for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The scale demonstrated strong validity and reliability for use in Turkish culture.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires significant self-management skills in children.
  • Existing assessment tools may not adequately capture the nuances of pediatric T1DM self-management.
  • Developing culturally relevant and psychometrically sound measures is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management Scale (T1DM-SMS) tailored for children.
  • To rigorously assess the psychometric properties, including validity and reliability, of the newly developed scale.

Main Methods:

  • A methodological study involving 212 children (aged 7-12) with T1DM.
  • Content validity assessed by pediatric endocrinology and nursing experts.
  • Psychometric evaluation included Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, split-half reliability, and factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory).

Main Results:

  • The T1DM-SMS exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.893 overall).
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a robust four-factor structure explaining over 57% of the variance.
  • All fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit.

Conclusions:

  • The developed T1DM-SMS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-management in children with T1DM.
  • This scale provides a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers working with pediatric T1DM populations in Turkish culture.
Abstract

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