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Obesity, asthma, and allergy triangle: The solution could be the diet

Serena Coppola1, Alessandra Agizza1, Raffaele Federico Iorio1

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; ImmunoNutritionLab and NutriTechLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|August 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Obesity increases the risk of asthma and allergies in children, with maternal obesity being a key factor. Diet is a crucial target for prevention and treatment, offering a chance to improve health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity, asthma, and allergies are rising global non-communicable diseases.
  • These conditions share epidemiological and pathophysiological links, particularly in children.
  • Maternal obesity significantly impacts offspring susceptibility to these diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between obesity, asthma, and allergic diseases in pediatric populations.
  • To identify underlying mechanisms driving these interconnected conditions.
  • To highlight the role of diet as a modifiable factor.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological evidence linking childhood obesity to asthma and allergies.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and gut microbiota.
  • Examination of dietary interventions for prevention and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk, severity, and poorer control of asthma and allergies.
  • Maternal obesity during pregnancy is a critical determinant of offspring's disease risk.
  • Chronic inflammation, adipokine dysregulation, and gut alterations mediate these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Diet is a pivotal environmental factor influencing obesity, asthma, and allergies.
  • Early-life nutritional interventions, including during pregnancy, can improve metabolic and allergic outcomes.
  • Targeted dietary strategies offer potential for disease prevention and management, enhancing quality of life.

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