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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Published on: October 4, 2021
Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Mario Hero1,2, Nadja Grozdanić1, Romana Brnić Andrić1
1Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Background:
Continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (LDp/CDp) provides 24-h delivery of levodopa-carbidopa prodrugs for advanced Parkinson's disease. Real-world 1-year European data remain limited.
Objectives:
To characterize 1-year changes in motor, non-motor, autonomic, quality-of-life and sleep outcomes, and in concomitant therapy.
Methods:
Retrospective single-center observational study of 32 patients initiated on LDp/CDp between April 2024 and January 2026.
Results:
Twenty of 32 patients (62.5%) completed 1-year follow-up. MDS-UPDRS Part III improved by 30.3%, Part IV by 36.0% and Part II by 13.2% (all significant); non-motor and autonomic totals were unchanged. Quality of life improved (p = 0.040), driven by bodily discomfort. Levodopa-equivalent dose rose by 31.7% while oral dopamine agonist use fell from 70% to 25% (p = 0.004).
Conclusions:
One year of LDp/CDp was associated with substantial motor benefit and improved quality of life, achieved with higher levodopa equivalent and reduced dopamine agonist use.
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