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Shifting supply chain interdependencies among global automakers
Hiromitsu Goto1, Wataru Souma2
1Faculty of Information Engineering, Kanazawa Gakuin University, Kanazawa, Japan.
Frontiers in Big Data
|August 7, 2026
Summary
The global automotive industry is transforming due to electrification. This study shows a shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to electric powertrains, creating new China-centric supply chains and fragmenting traditional blocs.
Area of Science:
- Automotive industry analysis
- Supply chain management
- Network science
Background:
- The global automotive sector faces significant transformation driven by electrification and supply chain resilience concerns.
- Inter-firm dependencies are crucial for understanding the automotive value chain's structure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of electrification on inter-firm dependencies among global automakers from 2018 to 2024.
- To analyze structural changes in the automotive supply network based on common suppliers.
Main Methods:
- Utilized component supply data from MarkLines for the period 2018-2024.
- Applied community detection algorithms to analyze the network structure of manufacturer interdependencies.
- Categorized analysis by model year and component type (ICE vs. e-powertrain).
Main Results:
- Observed a ~64% reduction in internal combustion engine (ICE) powertrain transactions and an eight-fold increase in electric powertrain (e-powertrain) transactions.
- Identified intensified geographical clustering for ICE components.
- Revealed new cross-border interdependencies for e-powertrain components, leading to a China-centric ecosystem and fragmentation of the Japan-US-Europe bloc.
Conclusions:
- Electrification is driving a significant structural reorganization of the global automotive value chain.
- The findings highlight a shift towards new, geographically diverse interdependencies, particularly a China-centric ecosystem for electric vehicles.
- Provides empirical evidence for strategic management and industrial policy adjustments in response to technological and geopolitical changes.
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