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Case Report: Acute monocytic leukemia mimicking large-vessel vasculitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Liuyan Nie1, Hongli Wang1, Ning Shen1
1Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|August 7, 2026
Summary
Acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) can mimic large vessel vasculitis (LVV) with fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Early hematological assessment is vital for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of this rare presentation.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Hematologic malignancies can present with systemic inflammation mimicking autoimmune diseases.
- Acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) is associated with high cytokine production.
- Rarely, AML-M5 can present with symptoms resembling large vessel vasculitis (LVV).