Risk Mitigation Strategies for Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Self-Driving Laboratories

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) are rapidly transforming the scientific enterprise by integrating artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and automated experimentation to accelerate discovery with greater speed, autonomy, and precision. These intelligent platforms enable researchers to efficiently explore vast experimental spaces, reducing human error and increasing reproducibility. However, they introduce new and complex safety and security risks that demand proactive attention.

Here we discuss SDLs and how their utility in biotechnology can be harvested to drive scientific change. We also assess the security risks associated with integrating AI into SDL operations in research environments and provide mitigation strategies to address them.

We present an assessment of the vulnerabilities related to AI-driven SDLs and provide targeted, actionable mitigation strategies. These strategies are designed to help researchers and institutions address emerging risks related to system autonomy, data governance, and automation in experimental workflows.

We argue that safeguarding SDLs cannot fall to any single actor; instead, it requires coordinated action among researchers, institutions, and policymakers. By grounding SDL development in principles of security, ethics, and collaborative governance, the scientific community can ensure that these powerful platforms advance research in a responsible manner. This work lays a critical foundation for secure and ethical SDL integration, supporting innovation while protecting against misuse and unintended harm.